EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM BANTUAN LANGSUNG TUNAI (BLT) DANA DESA

(Studi Kasus Desa Cipatat Kecamatan Cipatat Kabupaten Bandung Barat)

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Program Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT) Dana Desa merupakan salah satu kebijakan pemerintah
untuk membantu meringankan beban ekonomi masyarakat miskin di desa yang terdapak kemiskinan
ekstrem maupun kehilangan mata pencaharian. Desa Cipatat, Kecamatan Cipatat, Kabupaten
Bandung Barat, menjadi salah satu desa yang melaksanakan program ini pada tahun 2023. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas penyaluran BLT Dana Desa, mengidentifikasi hambatan
yang dihadapi, serta mengetahui kontribusi terhadap pengurangan angka kemiskinan di Desa Ciaptat.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui
wawancara mendalam dengan perangkat desa, ketua RT/RW serta ketua Kader, dan masyarakat
penerima manfaat, serta observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi,. Analisis data dilakukan melalui
reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penariakn kesimpulan, sedangkan validasi dilakukan dengan
triangulasi sumber dan Teknik. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran BLT Dana Desa di
Desa Cipatat cukup efektif, karena sebagian besar penerima bantuan sesuai dengan kriteria yang
ditetapkan pemerintah, yaitu keluarga miskin yang belum menerima bantuan sosial lain, memiliki
keterbatasan ekonomi, kehilangan mata pencaharian dan penderita sakit menahun. Meski demikian,
efektivitasnya belum maksimal karena adanya hambatan seperti data penerima yang belum akurat,
proses penggantian calon penerima manfaat memakan waktu, serta munculnya kecemburuan sosial
di masyarakat. Kontribusi BLT Dana Desa terhadap pengurangan angka kemiskinan bersifat
sementara, karena program ini bersifat bergilir untuk para KPM. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar
pemerintah meningkatkan akurasi data dan pengawasan, menyediakan alokasi anggaran yang
memadai agar kuota penerima manfaat dapat diperbanyak, aparatur desa memperkuat verifikasi dan
transparansi penyaluran, serta masyarakat penerima memanfaatkan bantuan secara bijak dan
mengembangkan usaha produktif untuk kemanadirian ekonomi.
Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Bantuan Langsung Tunai, Dana Desa, Kemiskinan

ABSTRACT
The Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) program is a government policy designed to
alleviate the economic burden on poor communities in villages affected by extreme poverty or loss of
livelihoods. Cipatat Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency, was one of the villages
implementing this program in 2023. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Village Fund
Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) distribution, identify obstacles encountered, and determine its
contribution to poverty reduction in Cipatat Village. This research used a qualitative method with a
case study approach. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with village officials, RT/RW
heads, cadre heads, and beneficiary communities, as well as field observations and documentation.
Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.
Validation was carried out using source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the
distribution of Village Fund Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) in Cipatat Village is quite effective, as the
majority of recipients meet the criteria established by the government: poor families who have not
received other social assistance, have economic limitations, have lost their livelihoods, and suffer from chronic illnesses. However, its effectiveness has not been maximized due to obstacles such as
inaccurate recipient data, a time-consuming process for replacing potential beneficiaries, and the
emergence of social jealousy within the community. The contribution of the Village Fund Direct Cash
Assistance (BLT) to poverty reduction is temporary, as the program is distributed to recipients on a
rotating basis. Therefore, it is recommended that the government improve data accuracy and
oversight, allocate sufficient funds to increase the number of beneficiaries, ensure village officials
strengthen verification and transparency of distribution, and ensure that recipients utilize the
assistance wisely and develop productive businesses for economic independence.
Keywords: Effectiveness, Direct Cash Assistance, Village Fund, Poverty